Daniel barnum



N. PETERS, PHcTo-LIYMOGRAFHER, WASHINGTON. D. cA

surfen stra'rns PATENT ori-Fien.

DANIEL BARNUM, OF NEWT YORK, N. Y.

DOUBLE-CYLINDER STEAM-ENGINE. Y

Specification of Letters Patent No.

T0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, DANIEL BARNUM, of thecity, county, and State of New York, mechanical engineer, have inventedand made certain new and useful improvements in the mechanicalarrangement, construction, application, and combination of the parts ofsteam-engines that are intended t0 work by the action of steam admittedinto one cylinder at a given pressure, and in the progress of the strokeor half revolution the communication with the boiler is cut oftl and thesteam is allowed to pass into a second cylinder and work eXpansively,which has been done before by others, but not in the manner invented byme, the first dierence between my hereinafter described invention andnearly all that have preceded it being that I use two parallel andequalsized cylinders set alongside of each other; the second differenceis that with these two cylinders l use only one induction steampipe fromthe boiler and one eduction-pipe from both the cylinders to theatmosphere i' or a condenser; the third difference is that the steam isadmitted by a proper inductionvalve to abo-ut the half-length of the rstexpansively durin cylinder, the induction-valve is then closed, and anexpansion valve simultaneously opened from the first to the secondcylinder; thus the operation of the steam, commencing at the same end ofboth cylinders, forms the fourth difference between my plans and thoseof others, and the expansion-valve is sustained open, so that the steamshall act the remainder travel of the first piston anc' nearly the wholestroke of thesecond piston and shall also propel the pistons both in thesame direction during a large portion of t-he travel or stroke of eachwithout reacting from one piston upon the other, which, constitutes afifth diderence between this invention and others that A have precededit; the exhaust-valve operates to exhaust both cylinders to the air orto a condenser at the same time from the same end of each cylinder tothe same side pipe, and this constitutes a siXth difference between thisand other plans preceding it, a large portion of these ends beingattained by placing the piston-rods in connection with two cranks on onemain or driving shaft, which two cranks are to be placed either at rightangles or at some acute or lessening angle less than ninety degrees4,765, dated September 19,1846.

clear and distinct difference between these arrangements and any thathave preceded them.

It is well known, that double engines have been made to act, with eitherequal, or unequal cylinders, upon cranks set at opposite points, in thesame line, with. valves and openings, that pass the steam from the topof the first piston, to the bottom of the second, and, vice versa, andthreefold engines, having cranks more 4than ninety degrees apart, havebeen used, and marine engines, with cranks set at ninety degrees apart,each operated by a separate and unconnected cylinder, are in common use,yet no one of these operates in the manner herein proposed, the nearestapproach to which has been made, by- Mn Belcher, of New York city, whomade an engine with twocylinders, and pistons operating ona pair ofright angled cranks, the valves set to admit y the steam from theboiler, only when the first crank had passed upward, or downward, to anangle of forty-five degrees, and at one hundred and thirty five degrees,passing the steam, leXpansively, from the first, to the second cylinder,to the end ofl the stroke of the first piston, and thus making thesecond piston carry the first crank past the dead centers, each pistontraveling, without steaml operating on it, during the first quarter ofeach stroke. All these, and man'y other modifications of steam engines,for the same end, are variant from my invention, and improvements, bynot acting in so direct concert, to produce an eXpansive, direct, andcontinuous action, of the steam in the same direction, on both pistons,through the relative positions of the `cylintion, and shown in thedrawing, annexed to,

and making a substantive part hereof, wherein- Figure l, is a generalplan of a double cylinder steam engine, fitted with these improvements,as in place for use; Fig, 2, is a like elevation of the same, Fig. 3, isan eleders and cranks, nand the arrangement, andv vation, seen at theend A, of Figs. 1, and 2. Fig. 4, is a cross sectional elevation,through the line B, C, Figs. 1,- and 2. Fig. 5, is a longitudinalsectional elevation, thro-ugh the line D, E, Fig. 1, and Fig. 6, is alike section, thro-ugh the line F, G, Fig. 1, the cranks being inopposite positions, to those shown in Fig. 5. The other figures areseparately, and consecutively referred to, and the same letters andnumbers, and other specific marks of reference apply to the like parts,in all the several figures.

H, H, are the cylinders, supported in any usual or convenient manner; a,a', are the pistons, ZJ, are the piston rods, jointed to cross heads 1,1, set in slides c, c, c, and connected by rods, or pitmen, Z and CZ, totwo cranks, e and e, shown at acting at right angles to each other, one2, the main shaft, through which the power operates; the other partsbeing in the position they will take, when the two cranks are in theposition shown in the drawing; e3, is the .induction steam pipe, fromthe boiler, opening, at the fore end, into the steam and Valve chest e4,and at the back end,into the steam and valve chest e5, these, again,.areconnected to the ends of the eduction steam pipe e, having a branch,either running to a condenser, or to the atmosphere. The valve chest et,contains the induction steam valve 2, opening to the steam port 3, atthat end of the cylinder H, near this is the expansion steam valve 6,opening from the cylinderV H, to the cylinder H', by the passage way 7,partly shown by dotted lines at 9, in Fig. 4, which, being the back endof the cylinders, the co-rresponding way, at the fore encl,wvill be inreverse, or handed, to that in Fig. 4; next is the exhaust steam valve10, opening from the cylinder H', to the exhaust pip-e e6, by a way notshown in the drawings, but which will he understood, by reference to-theexhaust way 13, in Fig. 4, in the same manner, as the steam ways 7, and9. The valve chest c5, at the back end of the cylinder, contains theinduction steam valve 4, and steam port 5, expansion steam valve 8, andsteam way, or port 9, witlrthe exhaust steam valve 12, and way 13,(before referred to) 14, is the lifting` rod and adjustable arm, to thevalve 2, with a lifting foot to the toe of the rock shaft beneath, and15 is the like rod, arm, and foot, to the valve 4.

16, and 17, are the lifting rods, and adjustable arms, to the valves 6,and 8, but are each fitted with one lifting, and one sustaining foca-18,and 19, are the like rods, and arms, to the valves 10, and 12, each alsowith one lifting, and one sustaining foot.

20, is the lower rock shaft, at the fore end of H, wth an outer toe 21,to lift the steam valve 2, and an inner toe 22, to sustain the expansionvalve 6. 23, is the lower rock shaft, to the back end of H, with anouter toe 24, to lift the induction valve 4, and an inner toe 25, tosustain the expansion valve 8, these rock shafts are moved, by theeccentric and rod e7, from the shaft e2, to the crank 30, on the rockshaft 20, and a con necting rod es, from the crank 30, to the crank 31,on the shaft 23, all so timed, that the lifting the valves 2, or 4,closes the valves 6, or 8, and the contrary, thus the closing the valves2, or 4, to shut off the steam, at any portion of the stroke to whichthey are set, brings up the opposite toe, to sustain the expansionvalves 6, or 8, until the reverse motion again raises, and opens, theinduction steam valves 2, or 4, the expansion valves closing, untilagain lifted by the following means: The rock shaft 26, at the fore endof the cylinder H, has a toe 27, to lift the expansion valve 6, and asimilar rock shaft 28, has a toe 29, to lift the expansion valve 3, andthese rock shafts are moved, by the second eccentric and rod es, goingfrom the shaft c2, to the crank 32, on the rcck shaft 26, and a secondconnecting rod e, 0, from the crank 32 takes a similar crank 33, on therock shaft 28, and the motions of these parts are timed so, that theexpansion valves 6, or 8, shall be lifted, at the instant the inductionsteam valves 2, or 4, are closed, the further movements would close theexpansion valves too soon, but the toes 22, and 25, on the rock shaft20, and 23, take the duty of sustaining them, as before described, untilthe steam valves are lifted again. The starting bar 34, gives the meansof working by hand, as usual.

The exhaust valves are worked as follows: The upper rock shaft f, at thefore end of the cylinder H', has a toe 35, setto lift the exhaust valve10, and the rock shaft f', at the back end, has a toe 36, to lift theback exhaust valve 12, these parts are moved by the third eccentric androd, f1, from the shaft e2, t-o the crank 39, on the rock shaft f, andthe third connecting rod f5, from the crank 39, to the crank 40, on theshaft f', these lift the valves, only; the lower rock shaft f2, at thefore end of the cylinder H', has Va toe 37, to sustain the valve 10, andthe lower rock shaft f3, at the back end, has a toe 38, to sustain theexhaust valve 12, and these parts are moved, by the fourth eccentric androd f, taking the crank 41, on the shaft f2, and the fourth connectingrod f7, from the crank 41, to the crank 42, on the shaft f3, these partsare so timed, that the shafts f, and f, lift the valves, by the toes 35,or 36, at the moment after the piston a, has arrived at the opposite endof the cylinder H, and is so far in the return, that the two cross headsare nearly in the same cross line, at which time of these parts,l

shafts f2, j, and toes, 37, and 38, sustain the valves 10, and 12, untilthe piston a, has returned the given portion of the stroke, at which theexpansion is to begin from the cylinder H, to H. When the valves 10, or12, are closed, and the expansion valves 6, or 8, are opened, to act asbefore dee,

scribed. By these arrangements of the parts, and their consequentaction, the `induction steam pipe, and induction valves, act in theusual way, to admit and cut off the steam, the second valve, at each`end of the cylinders does the duty of an expansion valve, between thecylinders, and of an exhaust valve to the first cylinder, while thethird, or only extra valve, beyond what would be used with one cylinder,passes the steam away, by one exhaust side pipe, which is believed to be.a new feature, in double cylindered engines. i

rlhe placing the cranks at a right angle with each other, or at Sonieacute angle or less than a right angle, makes the pistons move veryclosely together, so as to receive the steam, acting expansively, tomove them Aboth in the same direction, during a large portion of thestroke of each, and the steam that is allowed to escape, or in otherwords, is thrown away, in common high pressure expansive engines,is,bythese arrangements, compelled to do an amount of duty, that it isbelieved will add materially to the effect produced, by its expenditure,while, by the actions of the parts, the steam, thus expended, may be runinto a condenser, through the same eduction way from each cylinder,which may be considered a new feature in double cylindered engines, andwill allow the operation of a vacuum, behind both teh pistons, that willmore than compensate the power expended on the air pump, to empty thecondenser, and will thus add to the effective power of the engines, atthe saine time removing the annoyance, caused by the noise of the escapesteam, in any situation, but importantly so, in passenger steam boats.

The outline, or skeleton Fig. 7, shows the cranks e, e', at an acuteangle of 54 degrees, the Fig. S, the same, at 30 degrees, and the F ig.9, at 45 degrees apart, and are merely introduced, to show, by theposition taken by the center of the crank pins and crossheads, theplace, that the piston will occupy, relatively to each other, when thecranks are placed at any of those angles, the relative positions, andmovements, of the other acting parts, being timed to act proportionatelythe same, as herein beforev described.

The cylinder H, may be made to work alone, by the following means:Beneath the cylinder H', a longitudinal shaft f8, has a toe 43, at theback end, and a similar toe, not seen in the drawing, at the fore end.yeach of these toes act beneath a corresponde ing foot, in the exhaustvalve rods, to set them open, by the attendant drawing a slide rod f, 0,in the direction of the arrow near it, and bringing, in the sainedirection, 30 a crank f, on the shaft f8, thus lifting the exhaustvalves 10 and l2, and leaving the valves 6. and 8, to do only theduty ofexhaust valves to the cylinder H, no steam, in this case, passing so asto operate inthe cylinder H, but going direct, through the expansion andexhaust ports and valve chests, to the air, or condenser, but it is hereproper to notice, that the upper eccentric rod e9, must be disengagedfrom the crank 32, when the cylinder H, is worked alone.

The arrangements are shown in the 'draws ings, as fitted to horizontalcylinders, this mode having especial reference, in my mind, to thelargest steam boats of the western 954 waters; but it will be manifest,that these arrangements can be equally made available, in eithervertical or inclined engines, by any competent mechanic, and it willalso be seen, that any of the cut off valves, or throttle valves, orother valves now commonly used, between the sideA pipe and cylinders, orboilers, may equally be used, with my improved arrangements abovedescribed, and it will be also manifest, that in working steam, of veryhigh pressure, it may be, sometimes, advisable to use a second orexpansion cylinder, of larger area than the first, which may be done,without any really mechanical departure from the arrangel ments hereindescribed, as applicable to two cylinders of equal size.

Having, in the commencement 'of this specification, set forth thegeneral diii'erences, between these arrangements, and those that havepreceded them, it will be understood, that I do not claim to haveoriginally invented an expansively acting steam engine, neither do Iclaim to have invented any of the parts, herein described, as used byme, for these purposes, the whole of them having been long well known,and in general use, neither do I claim the application of two cylinders,with a pair of cranks, irrespective of an application arrangement forthe admission of the steam from the first cylinder with the second atthe half stroke (more or less) of the first piston, but

I do claim as new and of my own invention and desire to secure byLetters Pat-l ent- l. The mode of constructing and arranging two steamcylinders side by side with steam passages from one to the other directat each end in combination with valves so arranged and operated as toadmit the steam from the boiler into one cylinder only-and from that oneinto the same end of the other cylinder at the haif stroke- (more orless) of the piston of the first cylinder-substantially as described andshown.

2. I claim as new, the mode of working the expansion and exhaust valves,contradistinguished from the working of all other valves, they eachbeing opened, by the toe of one rock shaft, in advance of the regular orusual period-the one, at the proper time to allow the steam to pass intothe second cylinder, to act by expansion, and the other, at the propertime to prevent the compression of steam, or reaction between the twopistons-from which toes the valves are each taken, by a toe of anotherrock shaft, for the purpose of being sustained, and kept open, therequisite length of time, for the attainment of the ends sought, asdescribed and shown. Y 1

3. I claim as new, the arrangement for disconnecting the two cylinders,by simply opening the two exhaust valves to the secwhich I have abovedescribed, and set out,v

as new, in combination with a pair of cranks, which are attached to onemain or driving shaft, set to a right angle o-r either more, or lessthan a right angle, with each other, for the purpose of working thepistons of the two cylinders, in the same direction, by the primary, andexpansive ac- 4tion, of the steam, and exhausting to the air, or acondenser, forming a vacuum, each working by one channel, from the sameend of the two cylinders, at the same time, substantially as described,and shown.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the city of New Yorkthis day the nineteenth of February one thousand eight hundred andforty-six.

WT. SERRELL, LEMUEL W. SERRELL.

